In this Micro Minutes episode, Luis breaks down classic microbiology traits that usually hold true, but not always. From indole-negative E. coli to non-swarming Proteus and oxidase-negative Pseudomonas, this quick episode highlights real-world exceptions that can catch techs and students off guard.
Learn how to spot:
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Indole-negative E. coli (98% rule + inactive biotypes)
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Lactose-fermenting look-alikes like Citrobacter freundii
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Proteus species that don’t swarm
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Pseudomonas species that test oxidase negative
A fast, practical reminder that no single biochemical test should stand alone.
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